Newsweek said Clarence Thomas may now have a fresh opportunity to reverse a Supreme Court ruling he opposed 22 years ago.
The case is linked to a student petition that urges the court to overturn a decision barring public aid for religious studies.
That petition provides a route to revisit the prior judgment.
A separate but related matter involving Virginia military chaplains underscores persistent legal disputes over religious freedom and government funding.
The developments suggest the court could revisit a long-established ruling on the line between state support and religious education.