China and ASEAN took steps to widen trade under a new protocol. The arrangement aims to boost commerce between China and the 10-member bloc. Amid rising concern, analysts flagged risks over growing Chinese investment, pointing to risks in deeper ties. In Australia, CPA Australia joined a Shenzhen economic exchange ahead of APEC. Singapore-based legal firm Wotton Kearney established a maritime claims unit. Vietnam confirmed a cooperation agreement for its industrial fair.

Earlier commentary contended that mainstream international trade theory overlooks development issues. That view points to gaps in the way trade gains are assessed across economies.